awareness

Prostate Cancer Screening: What Men Need to Know 

If you're thinking about getting screened for prostate cancer, the best first step is to talk with your doctor. They can help you understand the benefits and potential risks of screening,  and whether your personal risk factors make it a smart choice for you. 

Common Prostate Cancer Screening Tests 

There are two main screening tools used to detect prostate cancer early, when it's most treatable: 

1. PSA Blood Test 
This test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. Elevated PSA levels may be a sign of prostate cancer, but they can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions such as: 

  • An enlarged prostate 

  • A prostate infection 

  • Recent medical procedures 

  • Certain medications 

PSA levels can vary naturally based on age, race, and individual factors. Your doctor will interpret your results in context and may recommend a biopsy if your PSA level is considered abnormal. 

2. Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) 
During this quick physical exam, a healthcare provider gently inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to check the prostate for any irregularities in size, shape, or texture. 

 

PSA Screening Guidelines by Age 

As recommended by the American Urological Association: 

  • Under 40: Screening is not recommended. 

  • Ages 40–54: Screening may be appropriate for those at higher risk, including: 

  • African-American men 

  • Men with a family history of prostate cancer 

  • Men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations 

  • Ages 55–69: A baseline PSA test is recommended. Based on your results, your doctor will help decide the right schedule for follow-up tests. 

  • Age 70 and older: Routine screening isn’t usually recommended, but men in excellent health may still benefit from ongoing discussions with their doctor. 

Screening is not one-size-fits-all. Your provider will help weigh your options as your health and medical knowledge evolve over time. 


How Often Should You Be Screened? 

If no signs of prostate cancer are found during screening, your doctor may suggest follow-up testing based on your PSA level: 

  • PSA less than 2.5 ng/mL: Repeat testing every 2 years 

  • PSA 2.5 ng/mL or higher: Consider annual testing 

Remember: Early detection saves lives,  but it’s important to make informed choices based on your individual risk, age, and health status. Talk with your healthcare provider to find the screening plan that’s right for you. 

Sources: American Urological Association, American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention